General
Why Master Plan ?
Master plan is a long term planning, generally for 20 years. It is also a comprehensive planning for service area as per likely spread of city in next 20 years. It describes all works required in next 20 years in phased manner. Alternative development sequences may be identified to provide target service coverage and standards at affordable cost. The designs and estimates are prepared approximately. It finalizes some of the main parameters so that advance actions can be taken. The feasibility report and the detailed project report (DPR) is then prepared for phase 1 works. At present the general practice is to prepare master plan for urban towns, however these master plans address town planning aspects such as land use but does not address Infrastructure requirements. As such separate master plan for infrastructure is required. Master Plan should be updated say every 5 years.
City Development Plan
combines all sector master plans i.e. master plan of water supply, sewerage, drainage, solid waste management and traffic management etc. Pre feasibility report and feasibility report are the stages of project preparation before detailed project report. The detailed project report is also referred as detailed engineering report.
Output Expected from Master Plan
Master plan for water supply should address,
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Likely spread of city in next 20 years,
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Sustainable source of water supply for next 20 years,
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Demand of water supply
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Location of WTP, land requirement,
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Location and no of RWPS & CWPS, size of land required,
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Distribution zones, zonal demand and likely location and capacity of reservoirs,
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Alignment and size of main transmission pipes,
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Approximate capital costs & O & M cost phase wise,
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Project feasibility on social, environmental, financial, economical safeguards,
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Institutional review and arrangement of finances,
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Recommendations short term, medium term and long term,
- Policy, goals and targets for the city
Planning Area
Planning area shall be the likely urbanized area in Planning Horizon Year. If master plan of city for next 20 years is available then it may be reviewed and suitably city boundary in next 20 years can be adopted. If master plan is not available then likely spread area is to be determined after taking necessary inputs of relevant agencies .
Information required for preparation of Master Plan
The information in (English, Hindi) required is mainly about the existing water supply system in the city, previous decadal population, topographical map of city, master plan of city etc.
Preparation of DPR
DPR should be for the works identifed in Phase I in Master Plan. DPR should also include implementation of short term measures proposed in Master Plan. The planning area generally coincides with municipal boundary. The design criteria given for master plan also applies for DPR. For DPR, engineering survey of town & soil/site investigations is essential requirement. In DPR the design & estimates are done much more precisely.
Detailed project report is micro level planning. This is based on detailed engineering topographical survey of the city, engineering investigation of ground, materials, water availability etc. Detailed hydraulic and structural designs, and detail item wise estimates are carried out. This should lead to good quality of bid documentation and implementation of works. Although extent of detailing will depend on method of procurement. The item rate bids need ultimate designs and estimation. Lump sum bids or EPC bids does not require designs to final stage as the contractor undertakes the design work. JNNURM has issued broad guidelines for preparation of detailed project reports tool for preparation.
Bench Marking Performance Evaluation
Urban local bodies provide a wide range of basic urban services to larger population by using a large amount of resources. Towards understanding and managing the growth of cities including the services they provide, developing Urban Indicator system has become a tool for overall Urban Management. Urban Indicators help in accessing the performance (utilities and finances) of urban local bodies (ULBs), facilitate urban policy makers for appropriate interventions and monitor the impacts of interventions and policies. A PMS (performance measurement system) provides them with a tool for monitoring the inputs and outputs associated with each service, evaluating the performance levels and taking corrective actions to improve performance. It also serves as a tool for strategic decision-making and long-range planning. Comparative Performance Assessment (CPA) across the ULBs (Rating of ULBs) based on urban indicators has become effective decision-making tool for disbursement of funds and making cities competitive to upgrade urban environment.
The Ministry of Urban Development has taken the initiative of bringing out a Handbook of Service Level Benchmarks. Hindi version of the Hand Book in short can be referred. To assess performance as per MOUD hand book, Information in the format is required.
The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) with support from ADB embarked on a Indian Water Utilities Benchmarking 2007 Project for 20 selected water utilities in India. It is a first step in benchmarking service levels for the urban water supply sector in India. Reliable performance data for planning will be necessary to monitor and sustain the reforms under JNNURM. Reforms that are mandated and incentivized under JNNURM are focused on service improvement, which is aimed at bringing more accountability and transparency in utility operations. Transparency and community participation in service delivery can go a long way in improving performance.